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209
README.md
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# A Basic Hugo Theme
While the official documentation about Hugo [Templates](https://gohugo.io/templates/)
does provide all of the pieces to get started creating a theme, it doesn't
necessarily put them together in one, easy-to-see-together place. This theme
attempts to pull all of the necessary pieces together into a theme that can be
used as a starting point to create more sophisticated themes.
## Getting Started
Follow the [Hugo Quickstart](https://gohugo.io/getting-started/quick-start/)
instructions on how to install Hugo, create a site, and install a theme.
Installing the theme as a git submodule is the preferred way.
```
git submodule add https://git.thecorams.net/kevin/basic-theme.git themes/basic-theme
```
### Example Site
The theme includes an example site to give a quick way to see how the theme
looks and behaves.
```
cd exampleSite
hugo serve [ -D ] --themesDir ../..
```
Most of the sample posts are intentionally set `draft: true` to allow for
testing few posts vs many posts.
## Configuration
As a very basic theme, there is very little to be configured via the `config.toml`
file.
The footer layout file uses Hugo's `markdownify` pipe to display the `copyright`
configuration setting, providing support both for HTML character escape
sequences such as `©` as well as markdwn formatting and links.
Note: Hugo versions 0.60.0 and up will have restrictions on using embedded HTML,
including escape secquences, unless the Goldmark renderer is configure with
`unsafe = true`.
### `subtitle` parameter
Setting the `subtitle` parameter adds a secondary header underneath the `title`
in the site header.
```toml
[params]
subtitle = "A sub-title for your site"
```
### `mainSections` parameter
Setting the `mainSections` parameter restricts the pages that appear on the
homepage.
```toml
[params]
mainSections = ["posts"]
```
## Theme Organization
### Semantic Content Organization
The chrome of the theme page organization is as follows:
```html
<html>
<head>
<title>Site Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<hgroup>
<h1>Site Title</h1>
<h2>Site Sub-title</h2>
</hgroup>
<nav>
<!-- Site Navigation/Menu: links to pages that are part of -->
<!-- the "main" menu -->
</nav>
</header>
<main>
<header>
<h1>Content Title</h1>
<nav>
<!-- Content Navigation/Menu: a place holder for a -->
<!-- content specific menu, such as a list of blog posts -->
<!-- based on publication date. Not yet implemented. -->
</nav>
</header>
<section>
<!-- The page content. For list sections, this is where the -->
<!-- the list of pages goes. For single pages, this is where -->
<!-- the content of the page markdown file goes. -->
</section>
<footer>
<!-- The page footer. For list sections, this is where the -->
<!-- pagination controls can go. For single pages, this is -->
<!-- where auther attribution and/or prev/next page controls -->
<!-- could go. -->
</footer>
</main>
<footer>
<!-- The Site Footer, for copyright information etc. -->
</footer>
</body>
</html>
```
If the content pages use `##` as their largest heading, this will result
in document outlines structured as:
1. Site Title
1. Site Sub-title
2. Content Title
1. Header from Content
1. Sub-header from content
2. Second Header from Content
### Hugo Templating
The template layout files make heavy use of Hugo's
[base and block constructs](https://gohugo.io/templates/base/), as can be seen
in [baseof.html](layouts/_default/baseof.html).
#### title
This block is used for generating the `<title>....</title>` markup for the
rendered page and defaults to using the `title` configuration from `comfig.toml`.
The [list](layouts/_default/list.html) and [single](layouts/_default/single.html)
templates add the page title, to facilitate generating a unique title for every
page.
#### site-header
This block is for providing a site banner that will appear at the top of every page,
and matches with the primary `<header>...</header>` definition from the semantic
organization, above.
The default site-header block displays the [header.html](layouts/partials/header.html)
partial.
#### site-menu
This block is for providing a site-level navigation, which also appears at the
top of every page. It renders in the `<nav>...</nav>` block within the primary
header.
The default site-meny block displays the [site-menu](layouts/partials/site-menu.html)
partial.
#### content-header
This block is for providing a header for the specific page, matching with the
header block inside the `<main>....<\main>` definition from the semantic
organization. The [list](layouts/_default/list.html) and
[single](layouts/_default/single.html) templates display the page title as
a `<h1>...</h1>` level header.
#### content-menu
This block is for providing navigation menu(s) for the main content, matching
with the `<nav>...</nav>` block inside the main header. The block is currently
a place holder, with no default implementation.
#### content
This block is for the content of the page.
For [list](layouts/_default/list.html) pages, the content from the section's
`_index.md` will be rendered, followed by a list of all of the pages within
the section, using the [summary](layouts/_default/summary.html) template.
For [single](layouts/_default/single.html) pages, the page content will be
rendered inside an `<article>...</article>` block element.
#### content-footer
This block provides a footer for the page, which renders within the
`<footer></footer>` block at the end of the `<main></main>` section.
The default content-footer blocks for the homepage and for list pages
implement pagination controls to show the content summaries a page at a time.
The default content-footer block for single pages displays previous and/or
next in section links.
#### footer
This block is for the site footer that appears at the end of every pages.
The default footer block displays the [footer.html](layouts/partials/footer.html)
partial.
## References
### HTML5 Semantics
- [Semantic HTML](https://internetingishard.com/html-and-css/semantic-html/)
- [HTML5 Semantic Elements](https://guide.freecodecamp.org/html/html5-semantic-elements/)
- [A Look Into Proper HTML5 Semantics](https://www.hongkiat.com/blog/html-5-semantics/amp/)
- [HTML5 Semantic Tags: What Are They & How To Use Them! - SEMrush](https://www.semrush.com/blog/semantic-html5-guide/)

3
exampleSite/config.toml
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@ -3,11 +3,10 @@ languageCode = "en-us"
title = "Basic Hugo Theme" title = "Basic Hugo Theme"
copyright = "Copyright &copy; 2019, Copyright Owner Name | Built with [Hugo](https://gohugo.io/)" copyright = "Copyright &copy; 2019, Copyright Owner Name | Built with [Hugo](https://gohugo.io/)"
theme = "basic-theme" theme = "basic-theme"
paginate = 5 paginate = 10
[permalinks] [permalinks]
posts = "/:year/:month/:title/" posts = "/:year/:month/:title/"
[params] [params]
subtitle = "A theme with no CSS and only basic layouts" subtitle = "A theme with no CSS and only basic layouts"
mainSections = [ "posts" ]

50
layouts/_default/baseof.html
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<head> <head>
<meta charset="utf-8"> <meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>{{- block "title" . -}} <title>{{ block "title" . }}
{{ .Site.Title }} {{ .Site.Title }}
{{- end -}}</title> {{ end }}</title>
</head> </head>
<body> <body>
<header> <!-- Code that all your templates share, like a header -->
{{- block "site-header" . -}} {{ partial "header.html" . }}
<!-- Code that all your templates share, like a header --> {{ block "main" . }}
{{ partial "header.html" . }} <!-- The part of the page that begins to differ between templates -->
{{- end }} {{ end }}
<nav> {{ block "footer" . }}
{{ block "site-menu" . -}} <!-- More shared code, perhaps a footer but that can be overridden if need be in -->
{{ partial "site-menu.html" . }} {{ partial "footer.html" . }}
{{- end }} {{ end }}
</nav>
</header>
<main>
<header>
{{- block "content-header" . -}}
{{- end -}}
<nav>
{{- block "content-menu" . -}}
{{- end -}}
</nav>
</header>
<section>
{{- block "content" . -}}
<!-- The part of the page that begins to differ between templates -->
{{ end }}
</section>
<footer>
{{- block "content-footer" . -}}
{{- end -}}
</footer>
</main>
<footer>
{{- block "footer" . -}}
<!-- More shared code, perhaps a footer but that can be overridden if need be in -->
{{- partial "footer.html" . -}}
{{- end -}}
</footer>
</body> </body>
</html> </html>

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layouts/_default/list.html
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{{ define "title" }} {{ define "title" }}
{{ .Title }} &ndash; {{ .Site.Title }} {{ .Title }} &ndash; {{ .Site.Title }}
{{ end }} {{ end }}
{{ define "content-header" }} {{ define "main" }}
<h1 id="title">{{ .Title }}</h1> <main>
{{ end }} <div>
{{ define "content" }} <h1 id="title">{{ .Title }}</h1>
<header class="list-content"> <div class="list-content">
{{ .Content }} {{ .Content }}
</header> </div>
{{ range $index, $page := (.Paginate (where .Pages ".Params.hidden" "!=" "true")).Pages }} <div class="list-summary">
{{ if ne $index 0 }} {{ range .Pages }}
{{ end }} {{ .Render "summary"}}
{{ .Render "summary" }} {{ end }}
{{ end }} </div>
{{ end }} </div>
{{ define "content-footer" }} </main>
{{ partial "paginator.html" .Paginator }}
{{ end }} {{ end }}

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layouts/_default/single.html
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{{ define "title" }} {{ define "title" }}
{{ .Title }} &ndash; {{ .Site.Title }} {{ .Title }} &ndash; {{ .Site.Title }}
{{ end }} {{ end }}
{{ define "content-header" }} {{ define "main" }}
<h1>{{ .Title }}</h1> <main>
{{ end }} <h1>{{ .Title }}</h1>
{{ define "content" }}
<article>
{{ .Content }} {{ .Content }}
</article> </main>
{{ end }}
{{ define "content-footer" }}
{{ partial "prev-next-page.html" . }}
{{ end }} {{ end }}

8
layouts/_default/summary.html
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@ -3,14 +3,12 @@
<h2><a href='{{ .Permalink }}'>{{ .Title }}</a> </h2> <h2><a href='{{ .Permalink }}'>{{ .Title }}</a> </h2>
<div class="post-meta">{{ .Date.Format "Mon, Jan 2, 2006" }} - {{ .FuzzyWordCount }} Words </div> <div class="post-meta">{{ .Date.Format "Mon, Jan 2, 2006" }} - {{ .FuzzyWordCount }} Words </div>
</header> </header>
<section> {{ .Summary }}
{{ .Summary }} {{ if .Truncated }}
</section>
{{- if .Truncated }}
<footer> <footer>
<a href='{{ .Permalink }}'> <a href='{{ .Permalink }}'>
<span style="white-space: nowrap;">Read more →</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">Read more →</span>
</a> </a>
</footer> </footer>
{{- end }} {{ end }}
</article> </article>

35
layouts/index.html
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@ -1,15 +1,22 @@
{{ define "content" }} {{ define "main" }}
<article class="homepage-content"> <main>
<!-- Note that the content for index.html, as a sort of list page, will pull from content/_index.md --> <header class="homepage-header">
{{.Content}} <h1>{{.Title}}</h1>
</article> {{ if .Params.Subtitle }}
<!-- Note that .Pages is the same as .Site.RegularPages on the homepage template. --> <span class="subtitle">{{.Params.Subtitle}}</span>
{{ range $index, $page := (.Paginate (where (where .Site.RegularPages "Type" "in" site.Params.mainSections) ".Params.hidden" "!=" "true" )).Pages }} {{ else if .Site.Params.Subtitle }}
{{ if ne $index 0 }} <span class="subtitle">{{.Site.Params.Subtitle}}</span>
{{ end }} {{ end }}
{{ .Render "summary" }} </header>
{{ end }} <div class="homepage-content">
{{ end }} <!-- Note that the content for index.html, as a sort of list page, will pull from content/_index.md -->
{{ define "content-footer" }} {{.Content}}
{{ partial "paginator.html" .Paginator }} </div>
<div>
<!-- Note that .Pages is the same as .Site.RegularPages on the homepage template. -->
{{ range first 10 .Pages }}
{{ .Render "summary"}}
{{ end }}
</div>
</main>
{{ end }} {{ end }}

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layouts/partials/footer.html
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@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
{{ with .Site.Copyright }} <footer>
<p class="copyright">{{ . | markdownify }}</p> {{ with .Site.Copyright }}
{{ end }} <p class="copyright">{{ . | markdownify }}</p>
{{ end }}
</footer>

37
layouts/partials/header.html
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@ -1,6 +1,31 @@
<hgroup> <header>
<h1>{{.Site.Title}}</h1> <nav>
{{- if .Site.Params.Subtitle }} <ul>
<h2 class="subtitle">{{.Site.Params.Subtitle}}</h2> {{ $currentPage := . }}
{{- end }} {{ range .Site.Menus.main }}
</hgroup> {{ if .HasChildren }}
<li class="{{ if $currentPage.HasMenuCurrent "main" . }}active{{ end }}">
<a href="#">
{{ .Pre }}
<span>{{ .Name }}</span>
</a>
</li>
<ul class="sub-menu">
{{ range .Children }}
<li class="{{ if $currentPage.IsMenuCurrent "main" . }}active{{ end }}">
<a href="{{ .URL }}">{{ .Name }}</a>
</li>
{{ end }}
</ul>
{{ else }}
<li>
<a href="{{ .URL }}">
{{ .Pre }}
<span>{{ .Name }}</span>
</a>
</li>
{{ end }}
{{ end }}
</ul>
</nav>
</header>

19
layouts/partials/paginator.html
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<nav>
<ul>
<li>
{{if .HasPrev}}
<a alt="Newer articles" href="{{ .Prev.URL }}">&larr; Newer</a>
{{ else }}
&nbsp;
{{end}}
</li>
<li>Page {{ .PageNumber }} of {{ .TotalPages }}</li>
<li>
{{if .HasNext}}
<a alt="Older articles" href="{{ .Next.URL }}">Older &rarr;</a>
{{ else }}
&nbsp;
{{end}}
</li>
</ul>
</nav>

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layouts/partials/prev-next-page.html
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{{ if not .Params.Menu }}
<nav>
<ul>
<li>
{{ if .NextInSection }}
<a alt="Newer article" href="{{ .NextInSection.Permalink }}">&larr; Newer</a>
{{ else }}
&nbsp;
{{ end }} </li>
<li><a alt="Top of page" href="#">Top</a></li>
<li>
{{ if .PrevInSection }}
<a alt="Older article" href="{{ .PrevInSection.Permalink }}">Older &rarr;</a>
{{ else }}
&nbsp;
{{ end }}
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
{{ end }}

30
layouts/partials/site-menu.html
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<ul>
{{ if not .IsHome }}
<li><a href="{{ .Site.BaseURL }}">Home</a></li>
{{ end }}
{{- $currentPage := . -}}
{{- range .Site.Menus.main -}}
{{- if .HasChildren -}}
<li class="{{ if $currentPage.HasMenuCurrent "main" . }}active{{ end }}">
<a href="#">
{{ .Pre }}
<span>{{ .Name }}</span>
</a>
</li>
<ul class="sub-menu">
{{ range .Children }}
<li class="{{ if $currentPage.IsMenuCurrent "main" . }}active{{ end }}">
<a href="{{ .URL }}">{{ .Name }}</a>
</li>
{{ end }}
</ul>
{{ else }}
<li>
<a href="{{ .URL }}">
{{ .Pre }}
<span>{{ .Name }}</span>
</a>
</li>
{{- end -}}
{{ end }}
</ul>