321 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
321 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# A Hugo Theme Using HTML5 Semantics and IndieWeb Integration
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This theme is a fork of [My Basic Theme](https://git.thecorams.net/kevin/basic-theme),
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adding additional HTML5 semantics, a more responsive site design, and
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[IndieWeb](https://indieweb.org/) [microformats](http://microformats.org/wiki/Main_Page).
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## Getting Started
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Follow the [Hugo Quickstart](https://gohugo.io/getting-started/quick-start/)
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instructions on how to install Hugo, create a site, and install a theme.
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Installing the theme as a git submodule is the preferred way.
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```
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git submodule add https://git.thecorams.net/kevin/semantic-indieweb.git themes/semantic-indieweb
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```
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### Example Site
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The theme includes an example site to give a quick way to see how the theme
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looks and behaves.
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```
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cd exampleSite
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hugo serve [ -D ] --themesDir ../..
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```
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Most of the sample posts are intentionally set `draft: true` to allow for
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testing few posts vs many posts.
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## Configuration
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The footer layout file uses Hugo's `markdownify` pipe to display the `copyright`
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configuration setting, providing support both for HTML character escape
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sequences such as `©` as well as markdwn formatting and links.
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Note: Hugo versions 0.60.0 and up will have restrictions on using embedded HTML,
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including escape secquences, unless the Goldmark renderer is configure with
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`unsafe = true`.
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### `subtitle` parameter
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Setting the `subtitle` parameter adds a secondary header underneath the `title`
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in the site header.
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```toml
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[params]
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subtitle = "A sub-title for your site"
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```
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### `mainSections` parameter
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Setting the `mainSections` parameter restricts the pages that appear on the
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homepage.
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```toml
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[params]
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mainSections = ["posts"]
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```
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### IndieWeb / IndieAuth Identities
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The theme includes support for adding `rel="me"` links to the HTML head of
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every page. Such links help tie together the sites one owns, as well as
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provide support for [IndieAuth](https://www.w3.org/TR/indieauth/)
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authentication.
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These links can be configured by including one or more `params.Identity`
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blocks:
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```toml
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[[params.Identity]]
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type = "some-type"
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value = "identity"
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authn = false
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```
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The current set of known types are:
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- Email
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- The `value` should be a valid e-mail address which could be used for
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IndieAuth authentication
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- GitHub
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- The `value` should be a valid GitHub user name
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- GitLab
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- The `value` should be a valid GitLab user name
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- Twitter
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- The `value` should be a valid Twitter user name
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- MicroBlog
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- The `value` should be a valid MicroBlog user name
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- PGP
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- The `value` should be a valid URL to the site owner's public PGP key
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The IndieAuth standard allows the site author to specify which of the
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`rel="me"` links should be preferred for authentication. If the `authn`
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parameter for an identity is set to `true`, the link will be generated
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as `rel="me authn"`. As explained on
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[https://indielogin.com/setup](https://indielogin.com/setup):
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> If any of your `rel="me"` links also include `authn` in the list of rels,
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> then IndieLogin.com will only use the links with `authn`, and will no longer
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> consider your plain `rel="me"` links as authentication options.
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### IndieWeb h-card
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The theme includes a "card" for displaying the site author's photo (or a logo
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image for the site), the author's name, and the author's rough location. The
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data in the card is marked up with [h-card](http://microformats.org/wiki/h-card)
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microformats, for integration with IndieWeb-aware sites and tools.
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```toml
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# Configuration Parameters for IndieWeb h-card
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[params.Card]
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Author = "Site Author Name"
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Photo = "images/picture-o.svg"
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Locality = "City/Town/Village"
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Region = "State/County/Province"
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Country = "Country Name"
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```
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#### Social Network Links
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The theme will render a ribbon of icon links to other sites beneath the
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author's location information. The theme comes bundled with
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[Fork Awesome v1.1.7](https://forkaweso.me/Fork-Awesome/). Any of the icons
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provided by Fork Awesome can easily be used. For example, to add a link to
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one's Twitter profile, add a configuration block that uses the Fork Awesome
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twitter icon:
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```toml
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[[params.Social]]
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profile = "https://twitter.com/twitter-user-name"
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icon = "fa fa-twitter"
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```
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The icon/font library being used can be overriden by creating a site-specific
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`icons.html` partial. Font Awesome, Fork Awesome, Fontello, and many other
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icon/font libraries all support embedding an icon using similar CSS class names,
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which can be used in the `icon = "...."` configuration.
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In addition to the `profile` and `icon` pairs, there is also support for e-mail
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links and PGP key file links with the PGP fingerprint as a toolip:
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```toml
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[[params.Social]]
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email = "email@example.com"
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icon = "fa fa-envelope-o"
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[[params.Social]]
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publicKey = "pgp_key_file.txt"
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fingerprint = "AAAA BBBB CCCC DDDD"
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icon = "fa fa-key"
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```
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### Configuring Webmentions
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[Webmention](https://www.w3.org/TR/webmention/) and/or
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[Pingback](http://www.hixie.ch/specs/pingback/pingback) support can easily be
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configured by including the endpoint URL:
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```toml
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[params]
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Webmention = "https://example.org/webmention"
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Pingback = "https://example.org/pingpack"
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```
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## Theme Organization
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### Semantic Content Organization
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The chrome of the theme page organization is as follows:
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```html
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Site Title</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<header>
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<hgroup>
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<h1>Site Title</h1>
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<h2>Site Sub-title</h2>
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</hgroup>
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<nav>
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<!-- Site Navigation/Menu: links to pages that are part of -->
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<!-- the "main" menu -->
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</nav>
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</header>
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<main>
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<header>
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<h1>Content Title</h1>
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<nav>
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<!-- Content Navigation/Menu: a place holder for a -->
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<!-- content specific menu, such as a list of blog posts -->
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<!-- based on publication date. Not yet implemented. -->
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</nav>
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</header>
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<section>
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<!-- The page content. For list sections, this is where the -->
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<!-- the list of pages goes. For single pages, this is where -->
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<!-- the content of the page markdown file goes. -->
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</section>
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<footer>
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<!-- The page footer. For list sections, this is where the -->
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<!-- pagination controls can go. For single pages, this is -->
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<!-- where auther attribution and/or prev/next page controls -->
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<!-- could go. -->
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</footer>
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</main>
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<footer>
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<!-- The Site Footer, for copyright information etc. -->
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</footer>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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If the content pages use `##` as their largest heading, this will result
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in document outlines structured as:
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1. Site Title
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1. Site Sub-title
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2. Content Title
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1. Header from Content
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1. Sub-header from content
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2. Second Header from Content
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### Hugo Templating
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The template layout files make heavy use of Hugo's
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[base and block constructs](https://gohugo.io/templates/base/), as can be seen
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in [baseof.html](layouts/_default/baseof.html).
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#### title
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This block is used for generating the `<title>....</title>` markup for the
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rendered page and defaults to using the `title` configuration from `comfig.toml`.
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The [list](layouts/_default/list.html) and [single](layouts/_default/single.html)
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templates add the page title, to facilitate generating a unique title for every
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page.
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#### site-header
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This block is for providing a site banner that will appear at the top of every page,
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and matches with the primary `<header>...</header>` definition from the semantic
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organization, above.
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The default site-header block displays the [header.html](layouts/partials/header.html)
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partial.
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#### site-menu
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This block is for providing a site-level navigation, which also appears at the
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top of every page. It renders in the `<nav>...</nav>` block within the primary
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header.
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The default site-meny block displays the [site-menu](layouts/partials/site-menu.html)
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partial.
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#### content-header
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This block is for providing a header for the specific page, matching with the
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header block inside the `<main>....<\main>` definition from the semantic
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organization. The [list](layouts/_default/list.html) and
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[single](layouts/_default/single.html) templates display the page title as
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a `<h1>...</h1>` level header.
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#### content-menu
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This block is for providing navigation menu(s) for the main content, matching
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with the `<nav>...</nav>` block inside the main header. The block is currently
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a place holder, with no default implementation.
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#### content
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This block is for the content of the page.
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For [list](layouts/_default/list.html) pages, the content from the section's
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`_index.md` will be rendered, followed by a list of all of the pages within
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the section, using the [summary](layouts/_default/summary.html) template.
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For [single](layouts/_default/single.html) pages, the page content will be
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rendered inside an `<article>...</article>` block element.
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#### content-footer
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This block provides a footer for the page, which renders within the
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`<footer></footer>` block at the end of the `<main></main>` section.
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The default content-footer blocks for the homepage and for list pages
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implement pagination controls to show the content summaries a page at a time.
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The default content-footer block for single pages displays previous and/or
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next in section links.
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#### footer
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This block is for the site footer that appears at the end of every pages.
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The default footer block displays the [footer.html](layouts/partials/footer.html)
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partial.
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## References
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### HTML5 Semantics
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- [Semantic HTML](https://internetingishard.com/html-and-css/semantic-html/)
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- [HTML5 Semantic Elements](https://guide.freecodecamp.org/html/html5-semantic-elements/)
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- [A Look Into Proper HTML5 Semantics](https://www.hongkiat.com/blog/html-5-semantics/amp/)
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- [HTML5 Semantic Tags: What Are They & How To Use Them! - SEMrush](https://www.semrush.com/blog/semantic-html5-guide/)
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### Responsive Design / CSS
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- [Realizing common layouts using CSS Grid Layout](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Grid_Layout/Realizing_common_layouts_using_CSS_Grid_Layout)
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- [Create a responsive layout with CSS Grid](https://www.creativebloq.com/how-to/create-a-responsive-layout-with-css-grid)
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- [Make the Perfect Responsive Grid with CSS](https://coder-coder.com/make-responsive-grid-css/)
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## Acknowledgements
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- [Indigo Theme](https://github.com/AngeloStavrow/indigo)
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- Inspiration for implementation of IndieWeb Identity hooks
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